Which of the following is covered by federal laws?

The correct choice is based on the role of federal laws in regulating income and taxation. Federal laws govern various aspects of the economy and establish national standards for income taxes, which are collected to fund government operations. According to federal law, income tax obligations apply universally to individuals and businesses, ensuring a consistent and uniform taxation system across the entire nation.

In contrast, health regulations, safety procedures, and labor laws can involve both federal and state jurisdictions. While federal laws set minimum standards or regulations in these areas, states can enact their own additional rules, leading to a more varied application that may not be universally standardized like income taxes. For example, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) can provide federal safety regulations, but states may adopt stricter regulations. Similarly, while federal labor laws establish certain rights and protections, state labor laws can enhance these protections. Thus, while these areas may be influenced by federal laws, they operate more on a state-specific basis compared to the universally applicable nature of federal income tax laws.